Layered Defense
No single tool stops electronics fraud. You need layered defenses, scored and ensembled in real time.
The Layers
1. Device fingerprinting — flag known-bad devices and emulators.
2. Behavioral biometrics — typing cadence, mouse movement, navigation patterns.
3. Network signals — IP reputation, proxy/VPN/Tor detection.
4. Velocity rules — same card, same device, same shipping over short windows.
5. 3DS 2.x with smart exemptions — challenge only the riskiest tail.
The Balance
Aggressive rules drop fraud but kill conversion. The right setup uses ML to challenge only the marginal 1–2% — protecting margin without losing revenue.